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【作者简介】
刘强，上海政法学院教授。
【参考文献】[1] 吴宗宪、陈志海、叶旦生、马晓东：非监禁刑研究中国人民公安大学出版社2003年，665页。
[2] 郭建安、郑霞泽主编：社区矫正通论法律出版社，2004年，104页。
[3] 袁登明著：行刑社会化研究中国人民公安大学出版社，2005年，308页。
[6] 吴宗宪、陈志海、叶旦生、马晓东：非监禁刑研究中国人民公安大学出版社2003年，422－423页。
[7] Camp, Camille Graham and George M. Camp. 2002. The Corrections Yearbook. Criminal Justice Institute, Inc. Middletown, Connecticut. P. 226. 补充说明：缓刑管理者（administrator）的平均年收入是9.59万美元，假释管理者（administrator）的平均年收入是8.19万美元，缓刑假释结合的管理者平均年收入是8.5万美元。
[18] Camp, Camille Graham and George M. Camp. 2002. The Cotrections Yearbook. Criminal Justice Institute, Inc. Middletown,Connecticut.P.168.监狱长的平均年收入是7.03万美元，见149页。WW赵文胜XX赵文胜CK
[4] Cromwell, Paul F. 2003. Community - Based Corrections. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. p. 169.
[5] Cromwell, Paul F. 2003. Community - Based Corrections. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. p. 100.
[7] American Correctional Association, ACA Directory 1992 (College Park, Md. : American Correctional Association, 1992).
[8] Petersilia, Joan M. 1998. Probation in the United States, Part 1. Perspectives 22. (Spring) : 30-41.
[9] Camp, Camille Graham and George M. Camp. 2002. The Corrections Yearbook. Criminal Justice Institute, Inc. Middletown, Connecticut. P. 202.
[10] Cromwell, Paul F. 2003. Community- Based Corrections. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. p. 100.
[11] Washington, D. Co : Government Printing Office, (1973). U. S. National Advisory Commission in Criminal Justice Standards and Goals, Corrections P. 314.
[12] Cromwell, Paul F. 2003. Community - Based Corrections. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. p. 100.
[13] Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin. 2005. Probation and parole in the United States, 2004. p. 1.
[14] Camp, Camille Graham and George M. Camp. 2002. The Corrections Yearbook. Criminal Justice Institute, Inc. Middletown, Connecticut. P. 195.
[15] Abadinsky, Howard. 2003. Probation and Parole: Theory and Practice. Upper saddle river, NJ: prentice Hall. P. 340
[16] Camp, Camille Graham and George M. Camp. 2002. The Cor rections Yearbook. Criminal Justice Institute, Inc. Middletown, Connecticut. P. 203.
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