浅论过失对结果加重犯的影响
樊祺
【摘要】数百年来刑法学界对于结果加重犯理论的认识一直争论不休，现在许多大陆法系国家在结果加重犯的理论研究和刑事立法方面已较为先进和完善，如德国、奥地利和日本等。而在我国则相对显得有些不足，
刑法理论中对结果加重犯的研究不尽完善，立法现状与其它国家相比仍有很大差距。犯罪形态作为构成犯罪的一个重要要素，对认识犯罪的性质有着重要影响，尤其会影响到所处刑罚的轻重；同样，在结果加重犯中也是这样。根据基本犯罪和加重结果的主观特征我国大部分学者将其划分为：故意+故意型，故意+过失型和过失+过失型，而且我国的刑事立法也认同这一观点。在这个分类的基础上，笔者将基本犯罪为过失的犯罪细分为“含责”过失和“纯粹”过失，明确区分了两者形事责任的轻重，并且认为“纯粹”过失犯罪出现加重结果不应按照结果加重犯处理。罪过形态应作为定罪情节在立法中考虑，更好地区分不同情况下结果加重犯的刑事责任。笔者结合刑法学界研究刑罚的趋势建议出现加重结果刑事责任较轻的情况处以轻刑，如社会服务刑、社区矫正，从而在司法实践中正确地适用刑罚，体现罪责刑相适应原则和法律的公平正义。（For several hundred years criminal law educational world adds the felon theory regarding the result the understanding always argue continuous， now many mainland legal systems country adds felon''s fundamental research and the criminal legislation aspect in the result already more advanced and is perfect， like Germany， Austria and Japan and so on. But in our country the relatively appears some insufficiencies， in the criminal law theory added felon''s research endless consummation to the result， the legislation present situation compares with other countries still has the very big disparity. The crime shape took the constitution crime an important essential factor to knew the crime the nature has the important influence， especially can affect locates the penalty weight； Similarly， adds in the felon in the result also is this. The subjective characteristic our country’s majority of scholars and aggravates the result which according to the basic crime its division are： Intentionally + intentionally， intentionally + error and error + error， moreover our country criminal legislation also approves this viewpoint. In this classified foundation， the author subdivides the basic crime for the error crimeis，"contains the responsibility" the error and "purely" the error， was clear about has differentiated two shapes matters responsibility weight， and thought "purely" the error crime appeared aggravates the result not to be supposed to defer to the result to add the felon top rocess. The crime shape should take determines guilt the plot to consider in the legislation， differentiates in the different situation the result to add felon''s legal responsibility well. The authorunifies the criminal law educational world research penalty the tendency to suggest appears aggravates a result legal responsibility lighter situation place by the light punishment， like the social service punishment， the community rectify， thus correctly is suitable the penalty in the judicial practice， manifests the responsibility foran offense punishment to adapt the principle and the legal fair and justice.）
