关于经济调制法本体的方法论——组织理论的视角（上）
Methodology about economic regulation law’s thing-in-itself - - organization theory angle of view(Ⅰ)
岳金禄
【摘要】该文从方法论的角度对学术意义上的经济法的本体进行了探索。文章分为六个部分。
第一部分是“从语义与学术意义上的分野看经济调制法”。作者认为应将学术意义上的经济法与语义学意义上的经济法相区分，用经济法来指称语义学意义上的经济法，用经济调制法来称谓学术意义上的经济法。
第二部分是“定义经济调制法的方法”。作者首先对与“定义”有关的名词做了界定与区分。接着探讨了逻辑学上定义的方法，并对“属加种差”定义方法的困境与完善做了论述。然后归纳了其定义经济调制法的方法与步骤：第一步假定人的本性是自利的，第二步简要探讨法的定义，第三步探究学术意义上的经济法的种差。
第三部分是“人性假定与经济调制法”。作者先界定了假定的含义与意义，并提出了假定的选择方法。基于法律是规范人的行为而不是规范人的思想的认识，该文从人的假定入手，认为人的本性是自利的，并以此作为该文的基本假设。作者认为不论是作为个体的人还是作为组织成员的人，其本性都是自利的。最后对人性假定与经济调制法的关系进行了简要论述。
第四部分是“法的一般本质”。作者认为法是以组织的强制力为后盾，调整主体间利益关系的社会规范。对于这个本质，作者从三个层次来论述：一、法是一种社会规范；第二、法是调整主体间利益关系的社会规范；第三、法是以组织的强制力为后盾，调整主体间利益关系的社会规范。
第五部分是“经济调制法的特殊品格”。作者从“法—调制法—经济调制法”的路径展开论述，认为经济调制法的特殊品格是调制性与经济性。调制性是指组织通过宏观调控与微观规制的方式作用于组织的成员。宏观调控是指组织将其作用力无差别的作用于组织的全体成员；微观规制是指组织将其作用力有差别的作用于组织的全体成员，或组织将其作用力无差别的作用于组织的部分成员。作者从资源配置的角度探讨经济调制法的经济性。通过市场失败、国家失败归纳出组织失败，并将经济调制法的经济性界定为经济调制法能够有效的解决组织失败问题，使组织配置资源接近最优状态。而且经济调制法的调制性与经济性具有内在的联系，共同蕴含于经济调制法的制度中。
第六部分是“经济调制法的法律概念及其意义”。基于对经济调制法的调制性与经济性的归纳，作者认为经济调制法是经济调制主体法/结构法与经济调制行为法的集合。经济调制行为法是指调整在解决组织失败问题的过程中，组织通过宏观调控与微观规制的方式作用于组织的成员而形成的社会关系的法律规范的总和；经济调制主体法/结构法是指调整在解决组织失败问题的过程中，为达到资源配置最优状态而形成的组织体的内部关系的法律规范的总和。这一定义的意义有三。一是该定义从六个不同的分析视角构筑了经济调制法的体系：（1）宏观经济调控法与微观经济规制法；（2）经济调制主体法与经济调制行为法；（3）国家法意义上的经济调制法与非国家法意义上的经济调制法；（4）组织失灵意义上的经济调制法与组织局限意义上的经济调制法；（5）古代经济调制法、现代经济调制法与未来经济调制法；（6）市场失败性经济调制法、国家失败性经济调制法与第三部门失败性经济调制法。二是完善了将法分为公法与私法这一法律部门划分标准。三是明确了学术意义上的经济法的与民商法、行政法、
刑法等其他法律部门的关系。
Abstract: This article has explored the thing-in-itself of academic significance economic law from methodology angle. The article is divided into six parts.
The first part is “Looking economic regulation law from dividing line between semantic and academic significance”. The author believes we should differentiate the academic significance economic law and the semantic significance economic law, refer with economic law called the semantic significance economic law and with economic regulation law called the academic significance economic law.
The second part is “Method of definition about economic regulation law”. First, the author has defined and discriminated the related nouns about “definition”. Second, he has discussed the definition methods of logic and the difficult position and its consummation of the definition method “difference is added to the inter-species”. Third, he has induced his method and steps of defining economic regulation law: First hypothesize that human’s natural disposition is self-interest achievement. Second briefly discuss the definition of law. Third inquire the inter-species difference of the academic significance economic law.
The third part is “The human nature hypothesis and economic regulation law”. First, the author has limited the meaning and significance of hypothesis and proposed the choice method of hypothesis. Then based on the understanding that laws are norms of adjusting people’s behaviors not their thoughts, this article begins with human’s hypothesis and believes that human’s natural disposition is self-interest achievement that is regarded as the basic hypothesis of this article. The author believes people’s natural disposition is self-interest, either individual or be a member of an organization. Finally he has briefly discussed the relation between human nature hypothesis and economic regulation law.
The fourth part is “General essence of law”. The author believes the law is one kind of social norm which adjusts the benefit relations of subjects and takes organizations’ compelling force as the backing. Regarding this essence, the author elaborates from three levels: First, the law is one kind of social norm. Second, the law is one kind of social norm which adjusts the benefit relations of subjects. Third, the law is one kind of social norm which adjusts the benefit relations of subjects and takes organizations’ compelling force as the backing.
The fifth part is “Special characters of economic regulation law”. The author launches elaboration from the way of “law - regulation law - economic regulation law” and thinks regulation and efficiency are special characters of economic regulation law. Regulation is meant for an organization functions its members through the way of macro-regulation or micro-regulation. Macro-regulation is refer to an organization has its actions non-differently functioning all its members; Micro-regulation directs an organization has its actions differently functioning all its members, or an organization has its actions non-differently functioning its partial members. The author discusses efficiency of economic regulation law from resources disposition angle. He induces organization failures through market failures and state failures and defines efficiency of economic regulation law as economic regulation law can effectively solve the question of organization failures and cause organizations to dispose the resources close most superior condition. Moreover regulation and efficiency of the economic regulation law have the intrinsic relation and be contained in the economic regulation law system together.
The sixth part is “Legal concepts and the significance of economic regulation law”. Based on induction to regulation and efficiency of economic regulation law, the author believes the economic regulation law contains the economic regulation subject law/construction law and the economic regulation behavior law. The economic regulation behavior law is refer to the total of legal norms which adjust the relations of an organization functioning its members through macro-regulation and micro-regulation way in the process of solving organization failures question. The economic regulation subject law/construction law is refer to the total of legal norms which adjust the internal relations of an organization for achieving the resources disposition most superior condition in the process of solving organization failures question. This definition’s significance has three. One is this definition has constructed the economic regulation law system from six different analysis angles of view: (1) macroeconomic regulation law and microeconomic regulation law; (2) economic regulation subject law/construction law and economic regulation behavior law; (3) economic regulation law in the national spirit of the law righteousness and economic regulation law in the non-national spirit of the law righteousness; (4) economic regulation law in the organization malfunction significance and economic regulation law in the organization limit significance; (5) ancient economic regulation law, modern economic regulation law and future economic regulation law; (6) economic regulation law of market failures, economic regulation law of state failures and economic regulation law of the third department failures. Two is it can consummate the standard that the legal system has been divided into the public law and the civil law. Three is it can intelligibly clear the relations between the academic significance economic law and civil law, administrative law, criminal law and so on other legal departments.
